The article is devoted to the examination of the issue of Russian borrowing of military and technical as well as cultural experience of the West at the beginning of the Time of Troubles during the reign of Feodor I Ivanovich (1584–1598), Boris Godunov (1598–1605) and Dmitry the Pretender (1605–1606). One of the channels of the Russian contact with the west-European “powder revolution” and culture was foreigners on Moscow service. A lot of them were the military; doctors of the Tsar had a huge power; some merchants (for example, Jerome Horsey) carried out special orders of the Russian government. The article gives the description of western foreigners' position both, at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, when the Moscow government was interested in western innovation, and after 1606, when the situation changed. The author tries to find out in which areas and what kind of foreign experts were used in Russia; what were the reasons for the use of the Western European experts; what were the results of this phenomenon. While analyzing the “Notes” of foreigners, who were on the Russian service at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, the author examines the achievements of the “common revolution” at the beginning of XVII century.
Key words: Moscow Kingdom in the end of XVI – early XVII century, the Time of Troubles, Boris Godunov, Dmitry The Pretender, european innovation, foreigners on the Russian service, borrowing by Russia of military and technical as well as cultural experience of the West, "Notes" of foreigners about Russia.
References
1. Alpatov M.A. Russian historical thought and Western Europe. Moscow, 1976. (In Russian).
2. Bussow K. Moscow Chronicle 1584–1613. Chronicles of the Time of Troubles. Moscow, 1998. (In Russian)
3. Geis (Giesen) C. Description of travel in Moscow after the Roman Emperor Nicholas Varkovich. Foreigners about ancient Moscow. Moscow XV–XVII centuries. Moscow, 1991. (In Russian).
4. Horsey J. Journey of Sir Jerome Gorseya. Foreigners about ancient Moscow. (In Russian)
5. Gyuldenstierne A. Duke Hans. Foreigners Journey of ancient Moscow. Moscow, 1991. (In Russian)
6. Diary of Jesuit Jan Velevitskogo about events in Moscow. Foreigners about ancient Moscow. Moscow, 1991. (In Russian)
7. Notes Stanislaus Nemoevsky. Foreigners about ancient Moscow. (In Russian)
8. Elassonsky A. Memoirs of Russian history. Chronicles of the Time of Troubles. Moscow, 1998. (In Russian)
9. Karamzin N.M. History of Russian Goverment. Moscow, 1989. Book. III. Vol. XI. (In Russian)
10. Margeret G. Status of the Russian state and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Russia XVII century. Memories of foreigners. Smolensk, 2003. (In Russian)
11. Baer M. Annals of Moscow from 1584 to 1612. URL: http: //www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Ber/frametext1. htm (In Russian)
12. Mass I. Brief news of Muscovy XVII century. Russia. Memories of foreigners. Smolensk, 2003. (In Russian)
13. Paterson P. Historical news of King Demetrius, and the events in Moscow. Foreigners about ancient Moscow. (In Russian)
14. The court medicine in Russia in X–XVIII century. URL: http://www.world-history.ru/countries_about/2194.html. (In Russian)
15. Skrynnikov R.G. Boris Godunov. Moscow, 1983. (In Russian)
16. Stadnitskii history Demetrius, king of Moscow and Marina Mniszek // Foreigners about ancient Moscow. Moscow, 1991. (In Russian)
17. Tolstoy V. The first 40 years of relations between Russia and Britain. 1553-1593. SPb., 1875. (In Russian)
